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مهندسی شیمی::
اکتنیدهای مینور
A unique feature of this study was that processes were classified according to a hierarchy of separations aimed at different elements within spent fuel (uranium; uranium-plutonium co-recovery; minor actinides; high heat generating radionuclides) and also the Head-end processes, used to prepare the SNF for chemical separation, were included.
Additionally, the separation of minor actinides (MA: Np, Am, Cm) and subsequent conversion into short-lived nuclides may be required to minimise the radioactive waste burden on geological disposal facilities
hydrometallurgy and pyro-processing followed by further sub-divisions according to the separation process function (uranium only recovery; UPu co-recovery; minor actinide (MA) recovery etc.).
⁃ MA recovery from highly active raffinate (HAR)
The MA elements (Am, Cm, etc.) also remain with the fission product waste stream, as these are trivalent ions that are inextractable
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